Should FixStyleFound in 2-3% of dissertations

Informal Language: The Everyday Words That Undermine Your Doctoral Authority

Found in 2-3% of dissertation chapters. One "kids" instead of "children" or "a lot" instead of "substantially" tells your committee you haven't made the shift to scholarly writing.

FIX

Replace this phrase with formal academic language.

What This Issue Is

Informal language is any word or phrase that belongs in conversation but not in a dissertation. "Kids" instead of "children" or "students." "A lot of" instead of "many" or "numerous." "Get" or "got" instead of "obtain," "become," or "receive." "Thing" instead of the specific noun. These words are perfectly fine in everyday communication, but in a dissertation, they signal that you haven't fully adapted to the register of academic writing.

The issue isn't snobbery — it's precision. Informal language is almost always less precise than its formal equivalent. "A lot of students" — how many? "Things got better" — what things, and better by what measure? Formal academic language forces you to be specific: "Student achievement scores increased by 12 percentage points." The formality serves the scholarship.

Most informal language in dissertations comes from two sources: first drafts where you're getting ideas down quickly and naturally write in your speaking voice, and sections where you're less confident in the content and unconsciously retreat to comfortable phrasing. The fix is a dedicated editing pass where you search for common informal words and replace them with academic alternatives. It's one of the fastest improvements you can make to your manuscript.

Why Your Committee Flags It

Phrases like "a lot of" or "kind of" undermine your credibility as a scholar. Dissertations are formal documents that establish you as an expert—informal language contradicts that positioning.

Before & After Examples

Before

The data didn't add up. Administrators need to get on board.

After

The data were inconsistent. Administrators must support these changes.

"A lot of," "said," "didn't," and "get through" are all informal. Replace each with a formal, precise alternative.

Before

A lot of the teachers said they didn't have enough time to get through the curriculum.

After

A majority of teachers reported insufficient time to complete the curriculum (78%, n = 45).

"Kids" → "student participants." "Basically" → delete (adds nothing). "From" → "resided within."

Before

The kids in the study were basically from the same neighborhood.

After

The student participants resided within a single geographic attendance zone.

"Big deal" → "noteworthy." "Shows" → "provides evidence." "Really works" → "effectiveness."

Before

This is a big deal because it shows that the program really works.

After

This finding is noteworthy because it provides evidence of program effectiveness.

Self-Check Checklist

Tap each item as you review your chapter.

Frequently Asked Questions

Accessible academic writing is clear and jargon-free while maintaining formal tone: "The intervention improved reading scores by 15%." Informal writing uses conversational language: "The intervention really helped kids read better." You should aim for accessible formality — clear sentences with precise, scholarly word choices. You don't need to be stuffy, but you do need to be professional.
No. This is one of the few absolute rules. Contractions (don't, can't, it's, they're) are never appropriate in a dissertation, even in a qualitative study where you're describing participants' experiences. The only place contractions appear is inside direct quotations from participants. Everywhere else, use the full form.
Start with the three biggest offenders: (1) Eliminate all contractions. (2) Replace "a lot," "kids," "get," "thing," and "stuff" with precise alternatives. (3) Remove intensifiers like "really," "very," "basically," and "pretty much." These three changes will transform the tone of your manuscript in a single editing pass.
It depends on your institution and methodology. APA 7th edition permits first person for describing research steps ("I conducted interviews"), and some qualitative traditions require it. However, many committees still prefer "the researcher" over "I." Check your institution's style guide and follow your chair's preference. Either way, avoid "I think" and "I feel" — your analysis should be based on evidence, not personal opinion.

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